Whiplash Dangers of Drops

Written by McKell Anderson

While receiving a lovely massage that my husband gifted to me for Valentine’s Day, my therapist began asking me the usual questions:

“Do you have any problem areas?”

“What areas would you like me to focus on most?”

“How do you like your pressure?”

My answer:  “Please destroy my shoulders with all the force an invading finger army can deliver.”

So far, pretty normal experience for most aerialists getting a massage.   During the massage, the therapist moved to my chronically tight neck and she was surprised with how tense it was.

Masseuse: “Have you been in a car accident recently?”

Me: “No, my neck is usually tight like this.”

Masseuse: “Your neck feels like people I work with that have had whiplash.”

The wheels in my head began to turn with that statement.  I was in a car accident when I was seventeen but that was fifteen years ago and I did not experience any severe whiplash from it.  However, I commonly let my body gracefully–and sometimes not so gracefully–fall towards the ground until a piece of fabric halts my descent in a rather abrupt manner.  The curiosity seed was planted:  Can aerial drops give someone a whiplash injury?  Has it given me whiplash?

Now, let me start by saying that I’m a firm believer that correlation does not equal causation.  Just because things seem to relate, does not mean that it is truth.  You should know that despite my supplications to the oracle that is Google, my canoodling on aerial forums asking around, or my general inquiries to my aerial role models, I couldn’t find any existing data on the idea.

Aerial is still a young industry, so having scientific data collected on many practitioners is highly unlikely.  Data not existing doesn’t necessarily mean that there isn’t a correlation; it could just be a sign that no one has researched it yet.  For the remainder of this post, we will go over what information we DO have on whiplash injuries and aerial drops separately, then compile the information into some helpful guidelines for safe dropping. If you ever come across any research on this topic, I’d love to be the first one you share it with! Much appreciated.

A Crash Course on Whiplash (no pun intended)

“Whiplash is a mechanism of injury due to forceful, rapid back-and-forth movement of the neck, like the cracking of a whip. The energy transfer of the rapid acceleration and deceleration forces to the neck can result in damage to the soft tissue structures of the neck.”  -Dr. Emily Scherb

Most of the observations made about whiplash relate very specifically to car accidents.  Whiplash injuries are kind of a fickle thing and vary by individual.  Some people experience a little pain for a few days but make a full recovery with very little side effects in a short time.  Others do not notice any symptoms until many weeks after the accident.  The unfortunate thing is that the longer the symptoms persist, the more likely that the damage will become permanent.

Symptoms following a whiplash injury may not be what you would normally anticipate.  When you think of whiplash, the normal expectation of symptoms would be tender muscles, limited neck mobility, headaches, and upper back pain.  Other symptoms can be a bit sneakier like shoulder pain, anxiety, fatigue, sensitivity to noise, impaired concentration, or temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD/TMJ) resulting in jaw pain.

I’ve observed (and that doesn’t make this a fact) that TMJ pain is more pervasive in the aerial communities I’ve been in than any other groups I’ve associated with.  Could be a coincidence but might not be.  Only time and data will tell.  There are various factors that can increase the likelihood of getting whiplash in an accident.  Some of these facts I found interesting when analyzing them with aerial in mind.

  • The threshold for soft tissue injury is five miles an hour. Vehicles do NOT need to be going fast to cause the most severe kinds of whiplash.
  • Rear end collisions can be the most severe because the torso is the most secured by the seat belt and the neck can move freely. So instead of the entire back being able to absorb the force, most of the energy is transferred to the neck alone.
  • Position of the head during the collision is also a critical element for injury severity. If the neck is not in a neutral position, say while you have your head slightly turned to adjust the radio, then the available range of motion is greatly diminished. This will result in the force of the collision being localized to one side of the spine.
  • Awareness of impending impact is also a factor. If an individual can brace themselves for the collision then their ability to effectively stabilize during the accident increases.  Studies have shown that passengers experience greater whiplash injury than the driver, often because they are less aware of the situation.

Aside from all the potential factors DURING an accident, there are even MORE chances to impact whiplash with the human body.  Since no two bodies are identical, here are some of the physical considerations in assessing whiplash risk.

  • Muscles, ligaments, and other tissues help absorb shock to the body without causing injury. Individuals that are physically fit and in a good health condition will be more efficient in stabilizing severe forces to the body.
  • Strength needs to be balanced on both sides of the body. Uneven muscle development in the back can result in the spine being in a less ideal posture during collisions or unable to stabilize evenly during an accident.
  • Body type can put certain individuals at risk. Those that have smaller frames, longer necks, and less supporting muscle mass have an increased risk for whiplash.  Women are statistically twice as likely to be injured than their male counterparts.
  • Small children can also have a proportionally larger skull in comparison to their neck and less muscle mass to compensate for it, making them prone to injury.
  • Older populations also have a great injury risk due to the natural degeneration of human body as it ages. “Ligaments become less pliable, muscles less flexible, and the bones, joins and discs less able to absorb impact without injury.”
  • Good body mechanics is also helpful. Individuals that train to have coordinated control over muscles and joints, engaging in the right order with the right tension, will be able to stabilize their body with less mechanical stress and pain.

Drop Mechanics

There seems to be a time in a lot of aerialists’ lives where drops are “the end all, be all” of their hearts desires.  While I don’t think this is true myself, my entire third year of practicing aerial was spent consuming all the drops I could get my greedy little hands on.  So, I’ve BEEN there and I understand the draw.  If drops are what you want, then I hope this will help you understand what to anticipate and make the process as pain free as possible.

First thing to address, drops cause force!  Lots of it.  While you might be an aerialist somewhere between 100-200lbs, with the additional forces we add by embracing gravity abruptly, the true force (or shock load) can end up being around 1,000 pounds.  A general rule of thumb is that 1,800 pounds of force can cause a person to black out and bleed internally.  This should be avoided!  HOWEVER, that’s not to say that injuries cannot occur to our persons with less force than that.  Let’s look at the shock load formula to help further our discussion:

shockload

W = Weight of Aerialist

Df = Distance Falling

Ds = Distance Stopping

In this formula, the most important relationship to pay attention to is the falling and the stopping distance.  Since it is a fraction, everything you solve for begins here and SHOULD likewise be what you notice when learning drops.  (Who says math and real life don’t intermingle?) If you are falling a large distance and stopping abruptly, you will create larger amounts of force.  In aerial, we very often choose to fall large distances on purpose, but if we want to reduce the impact to our bodies we need to pay attention to how we can increase stopping distances to help provide a physical reprieve.

Stopping distance is a hard thing, here are factors that can impact the stopping distance:

 

The Type of Drop Chosen.

I know, duh.  Some drops have more freefall time that happens and others are more of gravity guided unwrapping, think slack drops versus star drops.  Drops can also vary on how many wraps will tighten at the end to help slow us down more gradually.

 

Equipment Choices.

Depending on the apparatus, there are choices an aerialist can make to help the equipment absorb more shock by stretching during impact. Think of high stretch or low stretch aerial silks, bungee packs added to the top of rigging, or ropes with stretch used for pulley systems.

 

What Part of the Body the Drop Culminates On.

I don’t know about you, but my thigh has a lot more “squish” available than my ankle does.  Dropping to meaty regions versus boney regions will have different comfort levels and stopping distances.

 

FORM!

If you have been waiting for the moment where we address the physical capabilities needed, now is the (first) moment.  The human body is made up of muscles, ligaments, and tendons that are great at absorbing shock and impact.  This ONLY happens when proper strength and engagement are available.  MORE ON THIS LATER!

There are specific instruments that can measure shock load (dynamometer) and these often show the calculated estimation to be higher than reality.  Why the discrepancy?  Many of the above factors are very dependent on the human body and are not the same from individual to individual.  Even in one person, your day-to-day ability to absorb the shock of drops will not be the same.  Muscle soreness and stiffness will inhibit your body’s abilities to absorb the shock load of drops.

How to Drop it like it’s Hot (Safely)

From the discussion so far, we know that whiplash is caused by a rapid extension and flexion.  We know that it often happens in accidents of low speeds.  We know aerial drops can create a lot of force on the human body.  I’m going to go out on a limb and conclude that whiplash in aerial is a real possibility.  How often or how severe?  I couldn’t accurately guess, but it IS something we need to be mindful of in our practice.

“Incorrectly wrapped or executed drops can result in sprains, whiplash, burns, and broken necks. You don’t get to be cavalier about them. Respect the risk, respect the work, respect the process, respect the community.” – Laura Witwer

Most importantly, based on reviewing this information, I feel that there are easy practices to put in place to help mitigate the risk for whiplash or other injuries while performing drops.  Check out the list and let me know if there are more things you would recommend:

1:  Strength First, Drops Second

There is a terrible habit in aerial of attempting drops before the body is strong enough to support it.  Having the appropriate strength along the spine is a key element in the body being able to execute drops safely and gracefully.

“With any particular drop, an untrained artist would be more likely to have a whiplash type injury than someone who has trained up to that level because the trained performer has more strength and control in their paraspinal musculature and can withstand more force and load.” -Dr. Emily Scherb

Flailing form is usually the result of an aerialist attempting something they aren’t strong enough for and flailing is how we get injured.  The lovely and eloquent blogger, Laura Witwer, just wrote a wonderful blog about assessing the readiness of an individual for drops (link at the bottom).  Use discernment when deciding to learn aggressive drops and ESPECIALLY when to teach them to others, specifically children with their proportionally large developing domes.  They aren’t party tricks friends!

2:  Neck Engagement – Embrace the Jabba Chin

One of the factors with whiplash was related to seatbelts restricting torso mobility which resulted in the neck taking more force than desired.  If you are engaged in your core for a drop, but your head is loose like a bobble head doll, then your neck is in danger!  When executing drops, it is important to have your neck engaged along with the rest of you.

The Jabba Chin is the practice of engaging your neck so that your chin drops and pulls in just enough to feel a little bit of pressure on your windpipe.  Your jaw should not be clenched.  Don’t give yourself a genuine double or triple chin, because we will still want to look sexy while we do things.  Keep your neck position neutral during the drop and wait to fully extend or arch until the end.

3:  Train Both Sides

Your bodies ability to absorb shock appropriately depends a lot on having a balanced muscular system.  If you constantly only train one side, then your body will lose its ability to evenly react to force and will make you prone to injury during those critical moments.  I know some people do not drop on their offside for safety, which is not the point I want to make here.  Aerialists need to be able to climb on both sides, invert on both sides, hip key on both sides, meat hook on both side… All your aerial foundations should be as ambidextrous as possible so your body is balanced.

4:  Coordinated Engagement Practice

The key to good execution isn’t just tensing all your muscles at once.  We need to make sure we are engaging muscles in the correct order and with the right amount of tension, because if we do not it will increase mechanical stress and pain of what we are trying to accomplish.  Aerial is hard enough, no need to make it harder by over engaging, like with clenching your jaw for any reason or being too tight when attempting beats.

There could also be a different type of engagement needed for certain things.  For some drops, it is important to engage the abdominals by ‘pushing out’ to protect the ribs instead of ‘pulling in’.  Practicing drills like scorpion/sacrum falls will give the body a chance to learn how to fall and engage in the appropriate order to make bigger drops easier and more intuitive.

5:  When in Doubt, Walk it Out

Pro Tip:  The first time you do a drop you should always have doubt.  Meaning that the first time you try a drop you need to walk through the exit/drop instead of just going for it.  Your body has never done the trick and cannot understand what will happen.  Having a method to walk out of a drop is important because it teaches the body what to expect.  Being able to anticipate what will happen helps the body engage in the correct way to protect itself.  Much like the driver of the car being able to prepare for impact better than the passenger, you need to understand what is coming before you do a drop “full out”.  You don’t want to do a drop as a passenger, you need to be the driver.   This is even more important if you are attempting a drop that has a direction change, lest your head channel its inner pinball machine.

6:  Avoid Drops When Sore

Another way the body will lose its ability to absorb shock is when it is fatigued.  If you have been overtraining and are sore, then your muscles will not be able to support you like they would on days where you feel like a spry young pup.  Save your drops training for the days that your body can handle it safely.

7:  Designated Drop Equipment

Where possible, try to have a rigging point set up with equipment that is drop friendly.  Put a stretchy fabric up or have a point that has a bungee pack on it.  When learning any skill, repetition is key to mastery, but repeating aggressive drops can be daunting and painful.  Having a set piece of equipment that helps mitigate the stress when practicing is helpful on the body.

8:  Learn Drops with Coaches

While this is not a conclusion being made from the analysis on the whiplash data, this is of equal importance. Recently Brandon Scott, an accomplished aerialist, published a rant on the dangers of learning from Instagram.  I really loved what he had to say:

“Drops are the flashiest part of aerial. They are dynamic and exciting, their impact makes them almost necessary for the climax of an act, and when they are done right, they are just plain fun to do!!”

But did you catch that caveat? ‘When they are done RIGHT’. There is a large range of how difficult or technical drops can be. But at any level, drops are part of what makes aerial dangerous. While ‘death defying’ may be used as a descriptor to pull in an audience, we as aerialists need not consider death, let alone defy it, if we have all the information and preparation for safe execution.” -Brandon Scott

Preach Brandon, preach!

Good aerial instructors will give students the information they need to successfully execute a drop without injury.  A lot of times success is achieved through a series of progressions that aren’t ever shown during a performance or on an Instagram video.

Drops will forever be a huge part of aerial and they are a wonderful tool, but aerialists need to take the time to learn them safely and appropriately.  Hopefully the content of this blog will help you in your endeavors to gain more information and help you do amazing things more safely!

 

Congratulations!  You made it to the end!  Share your thoughts below!

 

Resources:

https://treatmentforwhiplash.com
https://www.lifemark.ca/blog-post/understanding-whiplash
http://www.laurawitwer.com/2018/04/11/pardon-sir-madam-not-ready-drop/

 

905 thoughts on “Whiplash Dangers of Drops”

  1. Such an informative article! I’ve never thought about the impact drops have on my next, but it makes complete sense that it DHOULD be something I’m thinking about! Thanks, McKell!

    Reply

    1. Thanks Tricia! I’ve done aerial for 8 years and only really started thinking about it because of that massage appointment. I’m so glad you thought it was informative!!!

      Reply

  3. I loved this article. It has given me a lot to think about and use in my practice as an aerial performer and in teaching. As I teach children as well as adults I was particularly interested to consider the impact of drops on a young body when the size of the head is proportionately larger than that of an adult.

    Might I add a thought to the idea that the “Flailing form is usually the result of an aerialist attempting something they aren’t strong enough for and flailing is how we get injured.” I agree this is the case and would like to add that “flailing” – insufficient body tonic, is also caused by the student being extremely anxious. This is why your underlining the need for a student to walk though (get the general sense of the move into both their understanding) is important. I would add that students need also to be sufficiently psychologically prepped for that drop so anxiety does not cause them to loose their physical capacity.

    Reply

    1. I totally agree with the mental preparation! Laura Witwer discussed that on her blog about drops and I agree that is a huge factor in assessing if a student is ready for more aggressive skills.

      Reply

  4. Thank you for your research, I’d been wondering the same thing. After practicing the tictoc drop I felt like I had whiplash and couldn’t find any aerial info about it.

    Reply

  5. This makes complete sense of why I got injured last year. I was doing a pencil drop in my routine practicing it a lot it was going good. Then a hurricane came, this is not a metaphor it actually hit Florida. I had to bolt my windows up move sand bags all by myself I was really stressed out and sore from heavy lifting. A couple days after when the studio was open to train again I did my pencil drop for my routine and ended up pulling my sacrum out of alignment it was really painful! I won’t be doing drops now after reading this article when my mind and body are tired sore or stressed out to avoid a bigger injury. I’m actually really sore right now from doing lion rolls on Lyra these are new to me this month. I probably shouldn’t be doing silk drops then right? Or is this a different kind of soreness? Thank you for this article!

    Reply

    1. The muscle’s ability to stabilize definitely is related to how ready they are for activity. If you have had a hard training day from another apparatus and your muscles are sore, they are definitely not in prime stabilizing condition for aggressive drops. Personally, I would wait until they have recovered a bit before doing drop training.

      Reply

  6. This is a great read! I’ve definitely gotten whiplash in my neck and my low back from drops that I wasn’t taught how to stabilize effectively for in my early career. I was diagnosed with whiplash by a chiropractor on the injury to my low back and had to cancel an aerial retreat I was pretty stoked for. Thank you so much for sharing this, I hope it helps more aerialists to find the proper stability. And I’m glad I stumbled on this blog today!

    Reply

  12. 338571 7195Nicely picked details, many thanks to the author. Its incomprehensive in my experience at present, even so in common, the convenience and importance is mind-boggling. Regards and all of the very best .. 237327

    Reply

  13. 266739 135073Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn anything like this before. So good to find any person with some authentic thoughts on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this web site is something that is wanted on the internet, someone with a little bit originality. helpful job for bringing something new to the web! 737259

    Reply

  18. 818242 191626Soon after study several the websites along with your website now, and that i genuinely appreciate your method of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and are checking back soon. Pls have a look at my internet page likewise and let me know in the event you agree. 72189

    Reply

  21. 682266 981988Good read. I just passed this onto a buddy who was doing some research on that. He just bought me lunch since I located it for him! Thus let me rephrase: Thanx for lunch! 767166

    Reply

  22. 910156 247385Soon after I initially commented I clicked the -Notify me when new feedback are added- checkbox and now each time a remark is added I get four emails with exactly the same comment. Is there any method youll be able to take away me from that service? Thanks! 813028

    Reply

  23. Article riting iss alsso a fun, if you bee acquainted with after tht yoou cann write iff noot iit iss complwx too write.

    Reply

  25. 342895 140131Its actually a cool and valuable piece of details. Im glad that you shared this beneficial info with us. Please maintain us informed like this. Thanks for sharing. 952996

    Reply

  29. 430064 865650I discovered your weblog site on google and check just a couple of of your early posts. Proceed to preserve up the excellent operate. I just extra up your RSS feed to my MSN Data Reader. Seeking forward to reading much more from you in a whilst! 384872

    Reply

  36. 795349 336606Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read anything like this before. So good to locate somebody with some original thoughts on this topic. realy thank you for starting this up. this web site is something that is required on the internet, someone with a bit originality. useful job for bringing something new to the internet! 266399

    Reply

  39. 356791 723330I cannot thank you fully for the blogposts on your internet page. I know you placed a lot of time and effort into all of them and hope you know how considerably I appreciate it. I hope I will do precisely exactly the same for an additional individual at some point. Palm Beach Condos 999019

    Reply

  40. Full T&Cs apply. 125% Sign-Up Bonus up to $3,125 on your first deposit. Enjoy a 125% welcome bonus at BetUS Casino. Use 100% on sports in the sportsbook and get a 25% match bonus in the online casino. 10x rollover on Sports and 30x rollover on Casino Games for Release and Cashout. Max cashout for Casino Bonus is $5,000. To claim the welcome package, use promo code JOIN125. BeGambleAware.org There is no such thing as the best casino for everyone. All online casinos listed on my website are well-reviewed, but each player has a different set of requirements and preferences. One casino can be the best possible choice for you but a terrible one for someone else. To find the best casino for you, browse my list of top online casinos and choose the one that seems to be the best choice for you. Eventually, the site he was using morphed into a crypto casino. When he was 16, Jakub saw a Twitch streamer promoting Stake and moved his online gambling habit there. Now, the resident of the Czech Republic says he logs onto Stake almost every day, gambling in series of $50 buy-ins. If he wins big, he buys computer parts or shoes. Mostly, he says, he loses to the tune of $1,000 to $1,500 a month. https://community.novum.com.my/forum/profile/saundrablaze884/ If you want to play 3 Card Poker online, it’s easy to get started. The first thing you’ll need to do is find an online casino or poker room that offers 3 Card Poker. While it isn’t as popular as variants like Texas Hold’em, 3 Card Poker is a fixture at most online gambling sites. Fast-paced card games like 3 Card Poker are high on the favorite list for many poker fans who like to play casino games on the side. Some might say it’s the easiest casino game to win at. Make your first real money deposit and start playing now. Deposits are fast and secure. This poker variant hasn’t been around for all that long, dating to just the mid-90s, but it has garnered success not only in its native US but around the world. There’s plenty of upsides to live 3 Card Poker – one of them being the attractive speed of play mixed with elements of poker. So it’s no wonder that the game took off in popularity shortly after its inception and became fully patented in the late 90s. Take a look at one of our favourites below, matched with a fantastic online casino for getting into real money mode at its live casino suite.

    Reply

  45. I recently tried CBD gummies in requital for the cardinal time and I be required to demand, I’m impressed with the results. I felt more happy-go-lucky and at casualness, and my dread was significantly reduced. The gummies tasted considerable and were comfortable to consume. I’ll definitely be using them again and would propound them to anyone looking appropriate for a natural way to alleviate accent and anxiety.

    Reply
  46. Pingback: اهم ما يميز جامعة المستقبل بمصر
  47. Pingback: Bachelor degrees in Accounting
  48. Pingback: MBA tuition fees
  49. Pingback: future University application process
  50. Pingback: امتحانات القبول لجامعة المستقبل
  51. Pingback: رؤية كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية
  52. Pingback: مهارات حل المشكلات
  53. Pingback: التدريب المتقدم في طب الأسنان
  54. Pingback: Future University
  55. Pingback: scientific research
  56. Pingback: قسم علوم الحاسب

  57. Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an incredibly long comment but after I
    clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyways, just wanted to say fantastic
    blog!

    Reply

  58. I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own weblog and was curious
    what all is needed to get set up? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny?
    I’m not very internet smart so I’m not 100%
    certain. Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated.

    Cheers

    Reply
  59. Pingback: https://www.kooky.domains/post/what-is-web3
  60. Pingback: Accounting courses
  61. Pingback: برنامج نظم المعلومات الإدارية
  62. Pingback: Withdrawal and Add/Drop Dates
  63. Pingback: Executive MBA program in Cairo
  64. Pingback: MBA
  65. Pingback: public administration
  66. Pingback: Political Theory
  67. Pingback: Economics
  68. Pingback: Centrifuges
  69. Pingback: Educational Activities
  70. Pingback: FUE
  71. Pingback: Dental Conferences
  72. Pingback: مجموع كليه الاسنان
  73. Pingback: الحضور والغياب
  74. Pingback: contact Vice Deans Faculty of Engineering and tecnology
  75. Pingback: Cloud Computing
  76. Pingback: Contact Information Faculty of Computers and Information Technology
  77. Pingback: Hesham Tawfik
  78. Pingback: The University of Cork
  79. Pingback: كلية طب الأسنان
  80. Pingback: MBA in Future university in egypt
  81. Pingback: برامج الإقامة في طب الأسنان
  82. Pingback: Diversity and inclusion
  83. Pingback: قبول الطلاب الدوليين في جامعة المستقبل
  84. Pingback: برامج البكالوريوس في جامعة المستقبل
  91. Pingback: Maillot de football
  92. Pingback: Maillot de football
  93. Pingback: Maillot de football
  94. Pingback: Maillot de football
  95. Pingback: Maillot de football
  96. Pingback: Maillot de football
  97. Pingback: Maillot de football
  98. Pingback: Maillot de football
  99. Pingback: Maillot de football
  100. Pingback: Maillot de football
  101. Pingback: Maillot de football
  102. Pingback: Maillot de football
  103. Pingback: Maillot de football
  104. Pingback: Maillot de football
  105. Pingback: SEOSolutionVIP Fiverr
  106. Pingback: SEOSolutionVIP Fiverr
  107. Pingback: SEOSolutionVIP Fiverr
  108. Pingback: SEOSolutionVIP Fiverr

  109. Anna Berezina is a renowned author and lecturer in the field of psychology. With a background in clinical luny and far-flung study involvement, Anna has dedicated her employment to understanding lenient behavior and mental health: https://lanier-webster.thoughtlanes.net/im-anna-berezina-an-experienced-bi-engineer-learn-more-about-my-expertise. Through her between engagements, she has made relevant contributions to the field and has appropriate for a respected contemplating leader.

    Anna’s mastery spans different areas of thinking, including cognitive psychology, unmistakable looney, and emotional intelligence. Her comprehensive knowledge in these domains allows her to stock up valuable insights and strategies as individuals seeking in person increase and well-being.

    As an initiator, Anna has written some controlling books that bear garnered widespread notice and praise. Her books put up for sale mundane suggestion and evidence-based approaches to remedy individuals decoy fulfilling lives and cultivate resilient mindsets. By combining her clinical adroitness with her passion on helping others, Anna’s writings procure resonated with readers around the world.

    Reply
  110. Pingback: controsoffitto led soggiorno
  111. Pingback: striscia led letto
  112. Pingback: illuminazione a binario
  113. Pingback: boxe philippine
  114. Pingback: mediprime
  115. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  116. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  117. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  118. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  119. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  120. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  121. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  122. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  123. Pingback: Fiverr Earn
  124. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  125. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  126. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  127. Pingback: Advance-Esthetic LLC
  128. Pingback: prodentim
  129. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  130. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  131. Pingback: french bulldog puppies
  132. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  133. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  134. Pingback: fiverrearn.com
  135. Pingback: frenchie colors
  136. Pingback: chocolate french bulldog
  137. Pingback: french bulldog puppies
  138. Pingback: fluffy bully
  139. Pingback: morkie dog
  140. Pingback: cavapoo
  141. Pingback: jute rugs
  142. Pingback: seo in Singapore
  143. Pingback: What is the role of nitric oxide in erectile function levitra professional?
  144. Pingback: Can we take antibiotics without any reason stromectol online pharmacy?
  145. Pingback: blogging
  146. Pingback: Safe Piano Removal
  147. Pingback: Piano Moving London
  148. Pingback: Piano Disassembly and Assembly
  149. Pingback: Top university in Egypt
  150. Pingback: Best university in Egypt
  151. Pingback: Top university in Egypt
  152. Pingback: Best university in Egypt
  153. Pingback: Top university in Egypt
  154. Pingback: Private universities in Egypt
  155. Pingback: Top university in Egypt
  156. Pingback: Who is the father of quality 100 mg levitra?
  157. Pingback: What are top 3 challenges in quality assurances levitra discount?
  158. Pingback: french bulldog puppies for sale
  159. Pingback: mini french bulldog for sale
  160. Pingback: rescue french bulldog
  161. Pingback: blue sable french bulldog
  162. Pingback: chocolate fawn french bulldog
  163. Pingback: What are the 8 elements of total quality management cheapest levitra generic?
  164. Pingback: fluffy french bulldog
  165. Pingback: brindle french bulldog
  166. Pingback: fawn french bulldog
  167. Pingback: french bulldog size
  168. Pingback: vietnam visa application for us citizens
  169. Pingback: swimsuit
  170. Pingback: weather in edison new jersey
  171. Pingback: micro frenchie
  172. Pingback: Cash for phones
  173. Pingback: Cell phone repair Tustin
  174. Pingback: french bulldogs for sale tx
  175. Pingback: Personalised bracelet
  176. Pingback: future university
  177. Pingback: future university
  178. Pingback: future university
  179. Pingback: future university
  180. Pingback: future university
  181. Pingback: future university
  182. Pingback: golf cart isla mujeres
  183. Pingback: isla mujeres golf cart rental
  184. Pingback: golf cart rental isla mujeres
  185. Pingback: tridelta hat
  187. Pingback: slot nexus
  188. Pingback: isla mujeres golf cart rentals
  189. Pingback: what is seo
  190. Pingback: seo company temecula
  191. Pingback: french bulldogs puppys
  192. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  193. Pingback: french bulldog for sale dallas
  194. Pingback: french bulldog puppies
  195. Pingback: top university Egypt
  196. Pingback: golf cart rental in isla mujeres
  197. Pingback: isla mujeres rental golf cart
  198. Pingback: lean manufacturing
  199. Pingback: french bulldogs for sale in austin
  200. Pingback: Piano moving
  201. Pingback: Piano maintenance
  202. Pingback: FUE
  203. Pingback: FUE
  204. Pingback: FUE
  205. Pingback: FUE
  206. Pingback: FUE
  207. Pingback: FUE
  208. Pingback: Interstate moving
  209. Pingback: Furniture disassembly
  210. Pingback: pcfinancial ca activate card
  211. Pingback: برنامج MBA بمصر
  212. Pingback: Classic Books 500
  213. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  214. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  215. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  216. Pingback: Free Local Classified Ads
  217. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  218. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  219. Pingback: Streamer
  220. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  221. Pingback: Aussie Porn Stars

  222. Your blog provided us with valuable information to work with. Each & every tips of your post are awesome. Thanks a lot for sharing. Keep blogging,

    Reply

  223. You actually make it look so easy with your performance but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never comprehend. It seems too complicated and extremely broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I’ll try to get the hang of it!

    Reply
  224. Pingback: pupuk organik
  225. Pingback: Pupuk terpercaya dan terbaik hanya melalui pupukanorganik.com
  226. Pingback: Pupuk Anorganik terpercaya dan terbaik melalui pupukanorganik.com
  227. Pingback: pupuk anorganik cair
  228. Pingback: pupuk terbaik
  229. Pingback: Unique Design Apparel/Clothing
  230. Pingback: partners
  231. Pingback: folifort reviews
  232. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  233. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  234. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  235. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  236. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  237. Pingback: live sex cams
  238. Pingback: live sex cams
  239. Pingback: live sex cams
  240. Pingback: live sex cams
  241. Pingback: live sex cams
  242. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  243. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  244. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  245. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  246. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  247. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  248. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  249. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  250. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  251. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  252. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  253. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  254. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  255. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  256. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  257. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  258. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  259. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  260. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  261. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  262. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  263. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  264. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  265. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  266. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  267. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  268. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  269. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  270. Pingback: სერიალები ქართულად
  271. Pingback: Natural
  272. Pingback: Lightroom Presets
  273. Pingback: seo company johannesburg
  274. Pingback: seo company illinois
  275. Pingback: graphic design
  276. Pingback: christmas
  277. Pingback: Best University in Yemen
  278. Pingback: Slot Online
  279. Pingback: Slot Server Thailand
  280. Pingback: Scientific Research
  281. Pingback: Kampus Islam Terbaik
  286. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  287. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  293. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  294. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  295. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  296. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  299. Pingback: FiverrEarn
  300. Pingback: FiverrEarn

  302. Эта статья является примером качественного исследования и профессионализма. Автор предоставил нам широкий обзор темы и представил информацию с точки зрения эксперта. Очень важный вклад в популяризацию знаний!

    Reply

  305. Sight Care is a daily supplement proven in clinical trials and conclusive science to improve vision by nourishing the body from within. The SightCare formula claims to reverse issues in eyesight, and every ingredient is completely natural.

    Reply

  315. Neurozoom is a dietary formulation designed to develop brain power and cognition. The nootropic contains 35 science-based ingredients that safeguard the brain cells from damage and slow age-related memory problems.

    Reply

  319. Gut Vita™ is an all-natural supplement designed to support digestive health issues by targeting the root cause and restoring optimal gut flora.

    Reply
  470. Pingback: Generator Repair Leeds
  477. Pingback: cheap sex cams

  511. mexican mail order pharmacies buying from online mexican pharmacy or purple pharmacy mexico price list
    http://w.zuzuche.com/error.php?msg=192.168.0.22::+Read+timed+out+after+reading+0+bytes,+waited+for+30.000000+seconds&url=http://mexicanph.shop://mexicanph.shop mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
    mexican mail order pharmacies mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa and buying prescription drugs in mexico buying from online mexican pharmacy

    Reply
  522. Pingback: fullersears.com
  523. Pingback: fullersears.com

  540. 🌌 Wow, this blog is like a cosmic journey launching into the universe of wonder! 🌌 The mind-blowing content here is a captivating for the mind, sparking awe at every turn. 🌟 Whether it’s technology, this blog is a treasure trove of exciting insights! #AdventureAwaits Dive into this thrilling experience of discovery and let your thoughts fly! ✨ Don’t just read, immerse yourself in the thrill! 🌈 Your brain will be grateful for this thrilling joyride through the realms of discovery! 🚀

    Reply
  541. Pingback: canine probiotics
  543. Pingback: french bulldog puppies
  585. Pingback: live sex cams
  586. Pingback: live sex cams
  594. Pingback: Freeze dried
  597. Pingback: frt trigger
  611. Pingback: 늑대닷컴
  614. Pingback: Turnamen slot
  628. Pingback: One Peace AMV
  630. Pingback: nangs near me

  632. This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger.

    I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your great post.
    Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!

    Reply
  633. Pingback: superslot
  640. Pingback: allgame
  644. Pingback: 918kiss
  646. Pingback: หวย24
  649. Pingback: Natural beauty products

  653. mia malkova mia malkova hd or mia malkova movie
    http://katiefreudenschuss.de/termin.php?verans%20taltung=sounds+like+heimat&tag=mo&datum=07.11&zeit%20=00%3A00&location=im+tv%3A&stadt=wdr+fernsehen&inf%20o=was+h%FCbsch-h%E4sslich+aussieht%2C+kann+durchau%20s+gut+klingen.+das+m%F6chte+das+wdr-doku-format+%252%206quot%3Bsounds+like+heimat%26quot%3B+beweisen.+mod%20erator+marco+schreyl+schickt+daf%FCr+in+jeder+stad%20t+drei+musiker+auf+die+suche+nach+dem+typischen+kl%20ang+einer+nordrhein-westf%E4lischen+stadt.+zwei+ta%20ge+hat+jeder+von+ihnen+zeit%2C+um+die+stadt+und+ih%20re+bewohner+auf+seine+art+und+weise+kennenzulernen%20+-+um+drei+perfekt+passende+songs+zu+komponieren.&%20url=miamalkova.life%20%20 mia malkova photos
    mia malkova full video mia malkova full video and mia malkova latest mia malkova latest

    Reply
  654. Pingback: accessories for french bulldog
  655. Pingback: pg slot
  675. Pingback: leak detection london
  676. Pingback: AI Attorney
  677. Pingback: carte uno reverse
  678. Pingback: cybersécurité
  682. Pingback: aplikasi slot luar negeri
  683. Pingback: bandar slot

  685. I have been browsing online more than 4 hours today, yet I
    never found any interesting article like yours.
    It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion, if all web
    owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the internet
    will be much more useful than ever before.

    Reply
  705. Pingback: Couples Therapy in Mayfair
  708. Pingback: catskills hotel
  709. Pingback: hotel in lake placid
  712. Pingback: health and wellness online store

  722. Wow, awesome weblog format! How long have you been blogging for?
    you made blogging glance easy. The whole glance of your site is excellent, as
    neatly as the content material! You can see similar here
    najlepszy sklep

    Reply

  723. Wow, amazing weblog format! How lengthy have you ever been blogging for?
    you make running a blog look easy. The full look of your web site is great, as smartly as
    the content material! You can see similar here sklep online

    Reply
  724. Pingback: megagame
  725. Pingback: evisa
  726. Pingback: drops to lose weight
  732. Pingback: 35 whelen ammo
  733. Pingback: 44-40 ammo
  734. Pingback: 38/40 ammo
  735. Pingback: 17 wsm
  738. Pingback: 44 mag ammo

  742. Wow, amazing weblog format! How long have you been blogging for?
    you make blogging glance easy. The full look of your site is
    magnificent, let alone the content material!
    You can see similar here e-commerce

    Reply

  743. Nice post. I was checking continuously this
    blog and I am impressed! Very useful info particularly the last part
    🙂 I care for such info a lot. I was looking for this certain information for a very long time.
    Thank you and best of luck. I saw similar here: Sklep

    Reply
  744. Pingback: sicarios baratos precio

  749. Wow, awesome blog structure! How lengthy have you been running a blog for?
    you make running a blog look easy. The overall look of your website is excellent, as well as the content!
    You can see similar here sklep online

    Reply
  758. Pingback: SaaS Contracts Attorney
  759. Pingback: itsMasum.Com
  761. Pingback: itsMasum.Com
  762. Pingback: itsMasum.Com

  764. Howdy! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with
    Search Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very
    good gains. If you know of any please share.
    Thanks! You can read similar article here:
    Dobry sklep

    Reply
  767. Pingback: itsMasum.Com
  772. Pingback: la bonne formation pôle emploi
  774. Pingback: salaire ingénieur informatique
  775. Pingback: cybersécurité définition
  776. Pingback: systèmes d'exploitation

  779. In our online broadside, we contend to be your reliable provenance after the latest scuttlebutt take media personalities in Africa. We pay special prominence to swiftly covering the most akin events concerning celebrated figures on this continent.

    Africa is well-heeled in talents and incomparable voices that shape the cultural and collective landscape of the continent. We blurry not only on celebrities and showbiz stars but also on those who require consequential contributions in several fields, be it knowledge, politics, realm, or philanthropy https://afriquestories.com/black-m-le-rappeur-s-installe-en-afrique-avec-sa/

    Our articles equip readers with a thorough overview of what is incident in the lives of media personalities in Africa: from the latest news and events to analyzing their clout on society. We keep track of actors, musicians, politicians, athletes, and other celebrities to lay down you with the freshest dirt firsthand.

    Whether it’s an upper-class sound out with a cherished celeb, an interrogation into outrageous events, or a review of the latest trends in the African showbiz everybody, we do one’s best to be your primary provenance of press release about media personalities in Africa. Subscribe to our broadside to stay briefed around the hottest events and interesting stories from this captivating continent.

    Reply

  789. In our online broadside, we exert oneself to be your principled provenance in search the latest scuttlebutt nearly media personalities in Africa. We settle one of a kind attention to readily covering the most applicable events concerning well-known figures on this continent.

    Africa is fecund in in talents and solitary voices that hack the cultural and social scene of the continent. We blurry not only on celebrities and showbiz stars but also on those who require substantial contributions in various fields, be it adroitness, manoeuvring, art, or philanthropy https://afriquestories.com/l-amitie-entre-davido-et-cubana-chief-priest-a-t/

    Our articles provide readers with a comprehensive overview of what is phenomenon in the lives of media personalities in Africa: from the latest dirt and events to analyzing their connections on society. We living run to earth of actors, musicians, politicians, athletes, and other celebrities to cater you with the freshest information firsthand.

    Whether it’s an limited examine with a idolized star, an interrogation into outrageous events, or a scrutinize of the latest trends in the African showbiz humanity, we work at to be your rudimentary provenance of press release back media personalities in Africa. Subscribe to our hand-out to lodge conversant with about the hottest events and interesting stories from this captivating continent.

    Reply
  792. Pingback: FÜHRERSCHEIN KAUFEN
  794. Pingback: Nangs delivery
  795. Pingback: nang tanks

  798. Howdy! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with SEO?
    I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but
    I’m not seeing very good success. If you know of any please share.
    Thanks! You can read similar art here: Dobry sklep

    Reply
  802. Pingback: changement chauffe eau Tours

  808. Hello! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with Search Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my blog
    to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good success.
    If you know of any please share. Appreciate it! You can read similar art here: E-commerce

    Reply
  813. Pingback: url
  819. Pingback: itsmasum.com
  821. Pingback: itsmasum.com
  830. Pingback: stranger chat
  831. Pingback: boys chat

  833. Good day! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with SEO?

    I’m trying to get my site to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good results.

    If you know of any please share. Thanks! You can read
    similar blog here: Backlinks List

    Reply

  835. This article was a joy to enjoy reading. Your enthusiasm is contagious!

    Reply

  837. Hi! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with SEO?
    I’m trying to get my website to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m
    not seeing very good gains. If you know of any please share.
    Thanks! You can read similar article here: Backlink Building

    Reply
  839. Pingback: itsmasum.com

  874. best online pharmacies in mexico best online pharmacies in mexico or <a href=" https://pharmacycode.com/catalog-_hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa_reductase_inhibitors.html?a=mexican drugstore online
    https://gemini.yagami.me/forum/away.php?s=http://mexicanpharmgrx.com mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs
    reputable mexican pharmacies online reputable mexican pharmacies online and mexico pharmacies prescription drugs best online pharmacies in mexico

    Reply

  900. Wow, awesome blog structure! How long have you ever been running a blog
    for? you make running a blog glance easy.
    The total glance of your website is magnificent, let alone the
    content! You can see similar here sklep internetowy

    Reply

  902. Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your
    blog and in accession capital to assert that I acquire in fact
    enjoyed account your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently quickly.

    Reply

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published.